The Effects of Drug Abuse free essay sample

Numerous individuals don't get why or how others become dependent on drugs. It tends to be illegitimately accepted that sedate abusers need moral standards or resolve and that they could quit utilizing drugs basically by deciding to change their conduct. Actually, illicit drug use is an unpredictable malady, and stopping takes more than well meaning goals. Truth be told, on the grounds that medications change the cerebrum in manners that cultivate urgent medication misuse, stopping is troublesome, in any event, for the individuals who are prepared to do as such. Through logical advances, we find out about how medications work in the mind than at any other time, and we likewise realize that illicit drug use can be effectively rewarded to assist individuals with halting mishandling medications and have profitable existences. Today, because of science, our perspectives and reactions to tranquilize misuse has changed drastically. â€Å"Groundbreaking revelations about the mind have altered our comprehension of chronic drug use, empowering us to react viably to the problem,† (Volkow). Dependence is a formative sickness that starts in earliest stages and youth and is affected by a mix of components including qualities, condition, and an individual’s age from the start medicate use. The qualities that individuals are brought into the world with in blend ecological impacts of their compulsion lack of protection. To expansion that, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and the psychological issue may impact chance for tranquilize misuse and fixation. â€Å"Scientists gauge that hereditary components represent somewhere in the range of 40 and 60 percent of a person’s weakness to habit, remembering the impacts of condition for quality articulation and capacity. Teenagers and people with mental scatters are at more serious danger of medication misuse and habit than the general population†, (Volkow). Hardly any shortcoming qualities have been found for liquor reliance and nicotine dependence. Liquor abuse is a hereditarily acquired infection. There are a few confirmations demonstrating that â€Å"Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine led a genome-wide affiliation concentrate in 2006 and recognized a few novel qualities engaged with nicotine reliance. In 2004, analysts at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine found a protein, called Arc, which might be a guilty party in illicit drug use. The protein enables the cerebrum to hold recollections for longer than an hour or two†, (Association of American Medical Colleges). â€Å"In 1994, researchers at the Oregon Health amp; Science University were the first to clone the mammalian quality for the D2 dopamine receptor. Dopamine is a cerebrum synapse that is believed to be basic to the brain’s reaction to drugs like sedatives and psycho stimulants,† (Association of American Medical Colleges). Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine specialists revealed in 2006 that men’s minds show proof of up to multiple times the measure of the cerebrum compound dopamine as women’s minds when presented to amphetamines. This is the main clinical investigation that clarifies why a bigger number of men than ladies misuse amphetamines and could prompt customiz ed medicines for sedate maltreatment and neurological diseases†, (Association of American Medical Colleges). Then again, numerous individuals accept that â€Å"Addiction is a choice†, which means anybody can stop or moderate their utilization of addictive medications whenever they need to by simply going to Meditation, Yoga, Exercise, Acupuncture and Counseling. Be that as it may, chronic drug use is a sure ailment since one of the principle reasons is called dopamine. â€Å"Addictive medications trigger the arrival of the cerebrum synthetic dopamine, which thus makes a prize circuit in the mind. This circuit enlists that exceptional experience as significant and makes enduring recollections of it as a pleasurable encounter. Dopamine changes the cerebrum on a cell level, directing the mind to do it once more, which elevates the chance of backslide even long after the conduct (or medication) has halted. Dopamine additionally assists with clarifying why extraordinary encounters can be similarly as addictive as drugs,† (Smithstein). A person’s domain incorporates a wide range of impacts, from loved ones to personal satisfaction by and large. Factors, for example, peer pressure, physical and sexual maltreatment, stress, and nature of child rearing can significantly impact the event of medication misuse and the development to enslavement in a person’s life. Numerous individuals today don't comprehend why some become dependent on medications or how medications change the mind to cultivate over the top medication misuse. Guardians who misuse medicates or take part in criminal conduct can increment children’s dangers of building up their own medication issues. Utilization of substances by guardians and their youngsters is emphatically corresponded; for the most part, if guardians consume medications, at some point or another their kids will likewise. Youngsters who use drugs are bound to have at least one guardians who likewise use drugs. Kids who rely upon illegal medications typically have poor social aptitudes or scholastic disappointments. In 2004, analysts at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA utilized auxiliary attractive reverberation imaging (MRI) and computational cerebrum mapping to uncover basic variations from the norm in the minds of incessant methamphetamine users†, (Association of American Medical Colle ges). â€Å"A 2005 investigation at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine demonstrated that utilitarian MRI may be utilized to foresee backslide in substance-subordinate people. A straightforward two-decision test accurately anticipated 20 of 22 subjects who didn't backslide and 17 of 18 subjects who did†, (Association of American Medical Colleges). In one examination, 41% of dependent guardians announced that at any rate one of their kids rehashed an evaluation in school, 19% were engaged with truancy, and 30% had been suspended from school†, (National Association for Children of Alcoholics). Individuals, who accept that illicit drug use isn't an illness, guarantee that have nothing do with the earth. Yet, the researcher says that a people were impacted by a mix factors including qualities and condition expanded medication misuse. â€Å"In 1995, almost 3. 1 million kids were accounted for to youngster defensive administrations as manhandled or di smissed. Roughly one million of these reports were validated. Substance misuse was seen as a factor in a larger part of these cases†, (sparkaction. organization). Social medicines help draw in individuals, altering their mentalities and practices identified with medicate misuse and expanding their fundamental abilities to deal with confused, unpleasant life conditions and natural signs that may trigger extraordinary desires for drugs. Furthermore it can upgrade the viability of meds and assist individuals with staying in treatment in the more extended term. The mix of hereditary and natural, factors with genuine formative stages in a person’s life to influence enslavement defenselessness. Despite the fact that ingesting medications at any age can prompt compulsion, the prior that medication use starts, the more probable it will advance to increasingly genuine maltreatment, which young people will endure more. Since their cerebrums are as yet creating in the regions that decision, and discretion, youngsters might be particularly inclined to chance taking practices, including attempting medications of misuse. Infants might be brought into the world untimely and underweight were presented to legitimate and illicit medications in the belly. This medication presentation will harm and moderate the child’s intellection and conduct sometime down the road. Youths who misuse tranquilizes frequently, do ineffectively scholastically, and drop out of school. They are in danger of spontaneous pregnancies, viciousness, and irresistible illnesses. Grown-ups have issues thinking obviously, recollecting, and focusing in light of the fact that the medications harming their synapses. They regularly create poor social practices because of their medication misuse, and their work execution and individual connections endure. Parents’ medicate misuse frequently implies turbulent, stress-filled homes and youngster misuse and disregard. â€Å"Such conditions hurt the improvement of youngsters in the home and may make way for sedate maltreatment in the people to come. Substance misuse is the main source for individuals to perpetrate wrongdoings. Medications and liquor can play with a person’s psyche and cause them to do idiotic things, as in thefts, murders, become savage, and so forth. Medications, for example, liquor, cocaine, heroin, weed, opiates and non-opiates (remedy pills), opium, delight, and mushrooms would all be able to prompt mental consequences for a person’s mind. â€Å"Amphetamines and cocaine increment attentiveness, readiness and cautiousness, improve focus, and produce a sentiment of consistent discernment (Barton Ramp;M, 2008). There is commonly a rise of temperament, mellow elation, expands amiability, and a conviction that one can do pretty much anything. Contingent upon the medications that are being utilized and the manner in which they are being utilized, relies upon to what extent the impacts from it will last. Some can last from a couple of moments to a couple of hours. Normally the remedy pills keep going for a considerable length of time and cocaine impacts keep going for just a co uple of moments. Any medication can prompt issues with a person’s cerebrum; it can make one intellectually crippled. It can likewise prompt customary nose drains, loss of smell, gulping issues and aggravation of nasal septum. This can happen on the off chance that one maltreatment tranquilizes by grunting it through their nose. The maltreatment of physician recommended drugs are the second most manhandled medicates in our Nation, with Marijuana being first and Cocaine being third, heroin fourth, and methamphetamine fifth. This rundown will give a thought of precisely how genuine this sort of illicit drug use is to our Nation today and how it will affect our future. As per the National Health Institute about 20% of individuals have utilized physician endorsed drugs for non-clinical issues (National Institutes of Health). At the point when you are endorsed torment medicine for a physical issue you might be advised to take one pill at regular intervals yet you feel that one isn't working so you take two this is physician recommended medicate misuse. You may not think th

Google Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Google Case Study - Essay Example Representatives at Google work in groups, and are once in a while relegated to a free office.â truth be told, even desk areas are grimaced upon.â Teams are urge to cooperate in what is named ‘cubes, yurts, and cluster rooms’ where every individual can impart thoughts to one another.â There is no opposition to show improvement over the following individual, as the groups achievement is the thing that truly matters.â To draw in workers, the climate is charming and helpful for conversations and discussions occurring everywhere.â Even moving between different places inside a similar office is made somewhat engaging, and time productive, as bikes or bikes are given throughout.â In addi-tion, there are things, for example, astro lights, knead seats, and huge inflatable balls to help em-ployees feel good in whatever workplace they may get themselves in.â Google is additionally not quite the same as numerous huge organizations in that all degrees of staff are truly treated equally.â indeed, even new representatives are urged to settle on choices that considerably upper administration will purchase into.â Upper chiefs are agreeable and don't utilize titles.â basically, Google is normally similar to some other organization in that they have a chain of command and arrangement of status, however it isn't used in the day by day dynamic process.â If one individual needs help, they will connect with the representative that they feel can give them the most ideal help, without considering one’s real occupation title or time of administration with the company.â This has attempted to completely draw in em-ployees that work for Google.

How to Tell if a Business Opportunity is Really a Scam

How to Tell if a Business Opportunity is Really a Scam How to Tell if a Business Opportunity is Really a Scam How to Tell if a Business Opportunity is Really a ScamWhen assessing a potential job or business opportunity to see whether its a scam, stick to the Duck Rule. If it walks like a duck and talks like a duck Hello, friend! No wait, don’t walk away! We have an intriguing opportunity we think you’ll be interested in. So you know elephants, right?Yeah, those elephants, the ones with trunks and big feet. Well, we’ve been working with an animal scientist who has done research suggesting that “service elephants” would be more effective than service dogs. They can use their trunks to open doors and perform other tasks.Now we know what you’re thinking: How can you get the service elephants onto airplanes?And that’s where you come in. We’re gathering investors for a new business initiative. Our business, Babair, will make planes large enough for the upcoming service elephant boom we know is on the way. So would you like to write a check?Thanks! But…YOU JUST GOT SCAMMED. Fortun ately, this was only a test, but that was one example of a business scam you might face. Which is why it’s important to recognize the signs for when a business opportunity is really just a scam.Know the red flags.There are certain terms that should set off the alarm bells in your head when you’re reading over a job opportunity.The most common types of opportunities that usually end up being some kind of scam, are ones involving working-at-home, investments, and mystery shopper jobs,” warned Stephen Hart, CEO of  Cardswitcher.“Where you spot the initial advert for the opportunity should tell you a lot about its provenance and whether or not you can trust it. Most business opportunity scams are advertised on the internet on general classified advert websites.”Sometimes it’s less about specific aspects of the business offer, and more about what you aren’t being told that should arise your skepticism.“The best way to evaluate whether or not a business opportunity is a sc am is to take a step back,” advised Jonaed Iqbal, founder and CEO of  NoDegree.com. “Often times when we are approached with a business opportunity, we get very excited and think of all the possibilities.However, it is best to evaluate the situation as if you were a 3rd party. How credible is the person who is telling you about the business opportunity? Is it a random person? If you had a great opportunity, would you just offer it to a random person or would you offer it to someone with a specific skill set who can make the most of the opportunity? Wouldn’t you at least evaluate the prospect to make sure they are a good fit?Another thing to look for out is when people are vague. They just throw buzzwords in your face but do not go in detail. They just tell you that it is a great opportunity. If they are willing to give anyone who comes their way a chance at the opportunity, it is best to walk away.”Justin Lavelle, Chief Communications Officer for  BeenVerified.com, offered a similar warning:“Beware of vague answers. Many business scams come under a very thin cover. In fact, many Multi-Level-Marketing businesses (MLMs) will outright tell their employees not to ever say what the opportunity really isâ€"just that you need to hear about a great opportunity. Red flag: If the pitch person can’t be honest about what the opportunity actually is, run!”You can read more about the risks posed by MLMs in this blog post.Use your gut and study up.There isn’t a template you can apply to every business offer, so at some point, you’re going to have to use your common sense and research skills to make a determination.“If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it most likely is,” Lavelle laid out. “Use your gut. If something sounds too good to be true and feels suspicious, it probably is.Many business opportunities, especially the MLM variety like to build lots of hype to get you hooked only to leave you holding the bag full of cleaning products, ma ke-up, jewelry, skincare, or whatever it was that was going to be your ticket to riches.“Do some due diligence. Research the company. Research the people. Research the product. Contact the Better Business Bureau and the Attorney General. A little homework can expose a world of wrong!”Other contributors also subscribed to the Duck Rule.When it comes to spotting whether or not an opportunity is legitimate sometimes the old advice is the best,” explained Hart. “If something seems too good to be true, the chances are that it most likely is.An opportunity that seems to present you with the chance to make an awful lot of profit, very quickly, for very little, initial capital outlay should set alarm bells ringing.Take extra care to avoid the REALLY bad ones.Losing money to a business scam is bad. But that’s not all you can lose.“Keep in mind there are ‘business opportunities’ that can immediately be profitable but are almost always illegal,” warned identity theft expert a nd CEO of  Safr.Me Robert Siciliano.“These opportunities usually revolve around shipping products or transferring funds from one account to the other. These ‘opportunities’ mean that the ‘employee’ would be a ‘mule’ for an organized crime syndicate functioning as a web mob.”Regardless of whether you’re worried about losing your money or your freedom, you should consult the proper person before signing on.“Do not ever give out financial information to a prospective business or franchise without proper advice from an attorney, an accountant, or both to be safe,” explained Lavelle.“Many scams will try and convince their prey that they are trustworthy and further questions and verification are unnecessary.”OK, that’s enough negativity for now.The good ones.Now that you know how to spot a bad business opportunity, what are some signs of a good business opportunity?“People with good business opportunities generally target people who have something specific to offer,” Iqbal told us. “For example, is the opportunity present to you because you have a specific background and can offer your expertise? Does it make sense? If you can make sense of how it works, that is a good sign. If it doesn’t make sense to you, walk away.If you have to make an investment, figure out exactly what the money is for. If they tell you that you have to sign up for their program in order to sell, walk away. You shouldn’t have to pay to sell things for someone else.Also make sure that they are comfortable with you taking some time to think about the opportunity. They should be open to criticism and they should understand that you want to do your due diligence. If someone is trying to rush you, that is not a good sign.”Whitney Joy Smith, president of The Smith Investigation Agency and Smith Training Centre, gave her own list of positive signs:They have a legitimate online presence on social media, review sites, BBB, etc.They go through the steps of investm ents or mergers with legal teams and contracts.All financials are disclosed, and both parties feel good about the discussions.You have heard others having positive experiences or read reviews and recommendations about the company or investment.They are not scared to answer questions.”Finally, here are two more good signs courtesy of Dennis Shirshikov, financial analyst at  FitSmallBusiness.com:“Good business opportunities take time. Always ask yourself: ‘Why am I being offered this?’ If you receive some grand promise, consider why the current owner or the person introducing you to the idea isnt doing it themselves. Surely everyone wants to have a business that can double their money. A good business opportunity will likely take time to develop and grow, it wont be handed to you brand new and ready.“Look for past success. Many people prefer going for a business model with proven success. This reduces their risk of failure and the number of things they need to consider. The best example of this is a franchise. Although everyone knows about McDonalds, there are thousands of franchises that require far less capital and cover industries from dry cleaning to bicycle repair.”This advice should give you a good starting point when considering a new business opportunity. Now that we have that out of the way, there’s this great bridge that you can get for cheap right now Keep your money safe.There are lots of things out there that can drain your bank account, from poor investments and scammers to predatory no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans like payday loans, title loans, and cash advances.And while the solutions to these problems varyâ€"from changing your password to maintaining a well-stocked emergency fund to choosing an affordable installment loanâ€"the principles at hand are the same: Do your research, keep your eyes peeled, and always be prepared for the worst!To learn more about how you can keep your money and your identity safe fr om potential scammers, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:5 Steps You Can Take to Prevent Identity TheftNever Trust and Always Verify: How to Avoid Getting Scammed Over Email10 Common Scams: How They Work and How to Avoid ThemDating App Dangers: 7 Tips to Avoid Getting Scammed by a Fake RomanceDo you have a   question about scams youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsAfter working in the financial industry for several years, Stephen Hart left his role as Chief Financial Officer at WorldPay to launch the UK’s first payment processing comparison site, Cardswitcher. Nowadays, he helps SMEs save money on their payment processing costs.Jonaed Iqbal is a New York native who graduated from Queens College with degrees in applied mathematics and economics. He later attended Columbia University for their master program in actuarial science. Jonaed worked as an actuary for a couple of years. While workin g as an actuary, Jonaed started NoDegree.com. NoDegree is a career resource for those without college degrees. He saw that there were plenty of opportunities for those without college degrees and that the rising cost of tuition made it a challenge for many to afford college. He also saw that college wasn’t for everyone. He continues to work on NoDegree.com and hopes to educate people about opportunities and help those without college degrees.Justin Lavelle  is a Scams Prevention Expert and the Chief Communications Officer of  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). BeenVerified is a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It helps people discover, understand and use public data in their everyday lives and can provide peace of mind by offering a fast, easy and affordable way to do background checks on potential dates. BeenVerified allows individuals to find more information about people, phone numbers, email addresses,  and property records.Dennis Shirshikov i s a Financial Analyst with  FitSmallBusiness.com (@FitSmallBiz). Dennis earned an MS with an emphasis in Financial Risk Modeling and spend most of his career working with startups. When not helping small businesses and teaching Economics to college students at CUNY Queens College.Robert Siciliano  (@RobertSiciliano) is a #1 Best-Selling Author and CEO of  Safr.Me.  Safr.Me is funny  but serious about teaching you and your audience fraud prevention and personal security. Robert is a United States Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla Staff Officer of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security whose motto is Semper Paratus (Always Ready). His programs are cutting edge, easily digestible and provide best practices to keep you, your clients and employees safe and secure. Your audience will walk away as experts in identity theft prevention, online reputation management, online privacy and data security.With over ten years of experience in the private investigation industry, Whitney Joy Smith has seen it all. Having worked through over 1,700 case files, she understands what it takes to get effective results, and expects only the best from her team of qualified investigators. Whitney not only operates an award-winning company but is also the recipient of the International AI- Influential Business Woman Award for the Best Woman-Owned Private Investigative Agency in eastern Canada and the Most Innovative Woman in Executive Protection.

Stereotypes Of The Virgin And The Vamp - 824 Words

Fox and Bailenson (2009) also mention that the stereotypes of the virgin and the vamp characters lead to Gick and Fiske s (1996) theory of benevolent and hostile sexism. Benevolent sexism is the belief that women are weak and in need of male protection and leadership. (Fox and Bailenson, 2009 in Gick and Fiske, 1996). On the other hand, hostile sexism, promoted by the vamp stereotype, entails antagonistic beliefs that women are domineering and try to control men sexually. (Fox and Bailenson, 2009 in Gick and Fiske, 1996). Many gender activists believe that this is one of the reasons why there aren t many female heroes since the birth of video games – because women are seen as mere sex objects and physically incapable. Moreover, a study by Eastin (2006) showed that when male and female players are playing as a male character, low levels of aggression were generated towards female agents. Although this doesn t show any signs of misogyny, it may still be sexism to some people. The same low levels of aggression were showed when the players played against female opponents controlled by both computer and human. This may be seen as benevolent sexism (Gick and Fiske, 1996) – some people in the modern society are influenced to think that women are physically incapable thus they do not need to be taken seriously (causing player to be less aggressive). Behm-Morawitz Mastro (2009) carried out a study on self-efficacy and received results that showed females whoseShow MoreRelatedThe Representation of Females in the Media Essay2715 Words   |  11 Pageshalf clad, half witted and needing to be rescued by quick thinking fully clothed men (Stereotypes, Adelson 1990). Women are most commonly portrayed as sexual objects and housewives; whose lives revolve around landing the right man. When women are in the news, their role is often trivialized. World leaders are described in terms of their hats or dress designers (Benedict, Virgin or Vamp, 1992). Women are portrayed as jealous and insecure, and often neurotic. This typeRead MoreEuripides Portrayal Of Women875 Words   |  4 Pageshe gave them a voice, which would throw men off, mainly because they would be terrified if their wives did and said the same things. Euripides supplied a philosophical thought to the women he has written about. Euripides was not one for female stereotypes. 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Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesas not only complicated in themselves but also complicating the social order as a whole. Tanizaki’s heroine in this work is a seductive young woman, entirely taken up with modern Western culture. The film industry also portrayed modern women as vamps, screwballs, and earnest forces for good, thus introducing this new incarnation of women via multiple interpretations of their modernity. The stars of this period—such as Butterfly Hu in Shanghai and Louise Brooks in Hollywood—were adept at creating

Literary Structure of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis

An Analysis of the Structure of The Metamorphosis The structure of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis establishes it as a kind of inverted, adult fairy-tale, in which regression (rather than progression) of forms occurs, good goes unrewarded and unappreciated, and evil triumphs. The story, of course, is satirical in concept, but the satire is felt chiefly because of the way in which the story stands the concept of the fairy-tale on its head. Gregor, who in a childs story, might progress from bug to man and be the one to enjoy the sunlight at the end of the tale, a reward for his patient suffering, in Kafkas tale turns from man to bug and dies without basking in the sunshine. This paper will show how the storys inverted scheme is meant to reflect the inverted principles of modern life, in which self-love appears more virtuous than self-sacrifice. The story can be divided into three parts, with the first part depicting how Gregor wakes to find himself transformed into a human-sized beetle. He still possesses his human nature, however. The irony of this metamorphosis is that Gregor is the only one to handle this transformation with calmness, dignity and respect. His family, upon seeing him as a beetle, force him back into his room and barricade themselves on the other side of the door. They show themselves to be altogether inhuman for their lack of sympathy, compassion, empathy, patience, and all other human virtues. Their primary concern is their shocked sensibilitiesShow MoreRelatedThe Existential Isolation And Biopsychological Change1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin The Metamorphosis and â€Å"Letter to my Father† by Franz Kafka and Unwelcome Visitors† by Tessa Farmer This literary and art analysis will define the correlation between the writings of Kafka and the installation art of Tessa Farmer’s in relation to the themes of existential isolation and biopsychological change. Gregor’s anxiety in The Metamorphosis is partially due to the alienation of society, which cases an existential period of isolation in which he transforms into a bug. In Kafka’s â€Å"LetterRead More Comparing Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesSimilarities between Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis It is unusual to say the least to open a book and the first line is about the main character waking up as a large insect. Most authors’ use symbolism to relate the theme of their work, not Franz Kafka. He uses a writing method that voids all aspects and elements of the story that defy interpretation. In doing this, he leaves a simple story that stands only for an objective view for his own thoughts and dreams. 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The story continues from there in a most realistic fashion: his family rejects him, and he stays cooped up in his room until he dies. Although interpretations of the story differ, my opinion isRead More Comparing the Absurd in The Metamorphosis and Endgame Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe Absurd in The Metamorphosis and Endgame The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms defines the Absurd as â€Å"A phrase referring to twentieth-century works that depict the absurdity of the modern human condition, often with implicit reference to humanity’s loss or lack of religious, philosophical, or cultural roots. Such works depict the individual as essentially isolated and alone, even when surrounded by other people and things.† (Murfin 2) Franz Kafka and Samuel Beckett wereRead MoreThe Dehumanizing Effect of Alienation and the Restoration of Self Identity in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis788 Words   |  3 PagesIn the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, Franz Kafka focuses on the topic of alienation and considers its underlying effect on self identity. The alienation Kafka promotes is propagated towards the main character Gregor Samsa, who inevitably transforms into a giant cockroach. The alienation by family relations affects him to the extent that he prioritizes his extens ive need to be the family’s provider before his own well-being. This overwhelming need to provide inevitably diminishes Gregor’s ability toRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis 3979 Words   |  16 PagesAustin Day Professor Imali Abala English 357 18 February 2015 The Theme of Alienation in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis written by Franz Kafka in 1915 is said to be one of the greatest literary works of all time and is seen as one of Kafka’s best and most popular works of literature. A relatively short novel; the story explains how the protagonist, Gregor Samsa wakes up one morning to find himself transformed into a vermin which completely estranges him from the world even moreRead MoreExploring Alienation and Conformity in the Metamorphosis2043 Words   |  9 PagesIn The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka conveys the series of emotional and psychological repercussions of a physical transformation that befalls the protagonist, a young salesman called Gregor Samsa. As the story progresses, Gregor finds himself unfairly stigmatized, cruelly rejected because of his clear inability to financially support his family, and consequently increasingly isolated. Through extensive use of symbolism, Kafka is able to relate the surreal and absurd, seemingly arbitrary events of thisRead MoreSocia l Analysis of Franz Kafkas the Metamorphosis Essay2895 Words   |  12 PagesSocial Analysis of Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Franz Kafka was not Jewish; Franz Kafka was not Czech, Franz Kafka only identified himself by his own perception of life, and a reality of his own creation. Kafkas family, a prosperous middle class home of economic strivers, embraced the German Jewish circles of Prague, seeking to assimilate with language and Jewish culture. Kafka, in the traditional manner he is remembered, was born into a middle class Czech family in Prague however; he mostRead MoreData Sheet Analysis for Kafkas Metamorphosis Essay4848 Words   |  20 Pagesa Word version of this sheet. | | |Details of the setting (include changes in setting): | |Author: Franz Kafka |The entirety of the novel takes place within the confines of the | | |Samsas apartment, save for the final paragraph

Sociology Paper on Society Free Essays

string(75) " have more money than less fortunate people, they should share the wealth\." Sociology Final Exam Paper Sociology Paper on Society â€Å"Human beings are fascinated with the world in which they live, and they aspire to develop ways to explain their experiences. People appear to have always felt this fascination-along with the intense desire to unravel the world’s mysteries-for people in ancient times also attempted to explain their worlds†(Henslin 8). Sociology is about understanding how people act as a society and how we, as people, treat our fellow human beings. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology Paper on Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now The symbolic interactionist perspective, also known as symbolic interactionism, directs sociologists to consider the symbols and details of everyday life, figuring out what these symbols mean, and how people interact with each other. Although symbolic interactionism traces its origins to Max Weber’s assertion that individuals act according to their interpretation of the meaning of their world, the American philosopher George H. Mead introduced this perspective to American sociology in the 1920s. According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, people attach meanings to symbols, and then they act according to their subjective interpretation of these symbols. Verbal conversations, in which spoken words serve as the main symbols, make this subjective interpretation especially evident. The words have a certain meaning for the â€Å"sender,† and, during effective communication, they hopefully have the same meaning for the â€Å"receiver†. Words are not static things and they require intention and interpretation. Conversation is an interaction of symbols between individuals who constantly interpret the world around them. Of course, anything can serve as a symbol as long as it refers to something beyond itself. Think of applying symbolic interactionism to the American institution of marriage, the symbols may include wedding bands, vows of life-long commitment, a white bridal dress, a wedding cake, a Church ceremony, and flowers. American society attaches general meanings to these symbols, but people also maintain their own perceptions of what these and other symbols mean. For example, one of the spouses may see their circular wedding rings as symbolizing never ending love, while the other may see them as a just a financial expense. Bad communication can result from differences in the perception of the same events and symbols. Critics claim that symbolic interactionism neglects the macro level of social interpretation, which is the big picture. In other words, symbolic interactionists may miss the larger issues of society by focusing too closely on the size of the diamond in the wedding ring rather than the quality of the marriage. The perspective also receives criticism for slighting the influence of social norms and institutions on individual interactions. According to the functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society’s functioning as a whole. The government, or state, provides education for the children of the family, which in turn pays taxes on which the state depends to keep itself running. That is, the family is dependent upon the school to help children grow up to have good jobs so that they can raise and support their own families. In the process, the children become law-abiding, taxpaying citizens, who in turn support the state. On the other hand, Functionalists believe that society is held together by social consensus, or cohesion, in which members of the society agree upon, and work together to achieve, what is best for society as a whole. Emile Durkheim suggested that social consensus takes one of two forms, one being Mechanical Solidarity, which is a form of social cohesion that arises when people in a society maintain similar values and beliefs and engage in similar types of work. Mechanical solidarity most commonly occurs in traditional, simple societies such as those in which everyone herds cattle or farms. The Amish society exemplifies mechanical solidarity. In contrast, the other being Organic solidarity, which is a form of social cohesion that arises when the people in a society are interdependent, but hold to varying values and beliefs and engage in varying types of work. Organic solidarity most commonly occurs in industrialized, more immense societies such as those in large American cities like New York City. The functionalist perspective achieved its greatest popularity among American sociologists in the 1940s and 1950s. While European functionalists originally focused on explaining the inner workings of social order, American functionalists focused on discovering the functions of human behavior. Among these American functionalist sociologists is Robert Merton, who divides human functions into two types, manifest functions are intentional and obvious. The manifest function of attending a church or synagogue, for instance, is to worship as part of a religious community. With common sense, manifest functions become easily apparent. A sociological approach in functionalism is the consideration of the relationship between the functions of smaller parts and the functions of the whole. Functionalism has received criticism for neglecting the negative functions of an event such as divorce. Critics of this perspective also claim that the perspective justifies the status quo and complacency on the part of society’s members. Functionalism does not encourage people to take an active role in changing their social environment, even when such change may benefit them. Instead, functionalism sees active social change as undesirable because the various parts of society will compensate naturally for any problems that may arise. The conflict perspective, which originated primarily out of Karl Marx’s writings on class struggles, presents society in a different light than the functionalist and symbolic interactionist perspectives. While these latter perspectives focus on the positive aspects of society that contribute to its stability, the conflict perspective focuses on the negative, conflicted, and ever-changing nature of society. Unlike functionalists who defend the status quo, avoid social change, and believe people cooperate to effect social order, conflict theorists challenge the status quo, encourage social change, and believe rich and powerful people have more control of society than the poor and the weak. Conflict theorists, for example, feel that society should have a more equal balance to it, meaning if the rich have more money than less fortunate people, they should share the wealth. You read "Sociology Paper on Society" in category "Essay examples" American sociologists in the 1940s and 1950s generally ignored the conflict perspective in favor of the functionalist. They also expanded Marx’s idea that the key conflict in society was strictly economic. Today, conflict theorists find social conflict between any groups in which the potential for inequality exists, such as racial, gender, religious, political, and economic. Conflict theorists note that unequal groups usually have conflicting values and agendas, causing them to compete against one another. This constant competition between groups forms the notion of how our society as a whole is constantly changing. Men, especially in today’s society, are seen as the more important and intelligent gender while woman are seen as the warm, caring, and responsible gender. â€Å"As examination of the work women did before beginning car sales show that most had traditional women’s careers, such as teaching, waitressing, social work, retail sales, and secretarial jobs. These occupations primarily involved service to others and paid low wages†(Henslin 205). This is especially true in the United States, in which many states have low wages for women and higher wages for men. Men tend to have a job that requires strength and knowledge, whereas women are classified as either the stay at home, nurturing mother, or the waitress or secretary like how Helene Lawson discussed in, Down to Earth Sociology. The supposed fundamental differences between sexes have historically been used as an argument against equal rights, notably in the opposition to women’s suffrage. More recently Neuro-scientific researchers have claimed that essential differences between the male and female brain have been uncovered, evidenced by neuro-imaging that suggests differing brain structures. The differences are how women and men tend to act, and how they act differently in society, therefore society views them differently and discriminates. However, the research is not as clear as it may first appear, no participant of a study can be isolated from the affects of socialization. The widely held belief that male and female brains function in different ways is based upon the conclusions of a small minority of studies, conclusions usually dismissed. Sociologists have relied upon the notion of a universal, innate, human nature, a nature that includes gender divisions, in society. Our society is patriarchal, our institutions, our traditions, our everyday lives, are filled with examples of men in positions of authority over women. You are born and take your father’s surname. You marry, and tradition holds that a father gives away his daughter to become the wife of a man whose name she shall adopt. Until very recently, it is the man in a relationship who holds financial control, and the woman who takes the responsibility for the home and the children. When a woman goes out to work she earns, on average, usually less than her male counterpart, is less likely to receive a promotion, and is likely to receive a smaller pension. If a woman is a wife and/or mother, she will also, on average, continue to take responsibility for the home and the family in addition to her paid employment. The decisions made on our behalf by representatives in unions, councils, and governments that are made predominantly by men. Despite the now higher proportion of female law graduates to their male counterparts, our legal system remains dominated by men. Equality differences can even be seen at birth, where male babies are described as being smart and strong, and the female babies are often given pink clothing, and referred to as cute, warm. To when they grow up, being a female baby, beauty is important, â€Å"Its sad but true that grade school teachers tend to judge their pupils largely on the basis of their looks†(Henslin 344). These associations, implicit in our society, have deep implications when it comes to gender equality. Research has demonstrated that when equally qualified men and women apply for identical jobs, the gender associations of the vacancy is a key factor in determining who will be successful, women therefore are at a disadvantage in many areas of employment from the outset, as the attributes of a successful worker are typically seen as masculine, while a woman may be perfectly suited to the role in question, her talents are far less likely to be recognized than they would be in a man. Feminism, which is the idea of equality between men and women, has become more prevalent because of the fact that women are being treated more as sex symbols than people in advertisements and in society in general, in the U. S. Feminism is a misconception, when thought of as women are better then men so they should have more rights, it is mainly just equality. The feminist’s just want to have, â€Å"equal rights within the current political and social structure†(Tuana 1). Feminists had movements dating back to the sixties, that were against inequality between genders, â€Å"The National Organization for Women forms in 1966, petitioning to stop sex segregation of want ads and one year later to request federally funded childcare centers†(Tuana 1). Women and men function as human beings in the U. S and in society in general and should be treated as equals, not discriminated because of one’s sex. Social stratification in American Society is not clearly defined or determined, nevertheless social scientists has developed a socio-economic stratification of the American society. Americans believe in a three-class society, the rich, poor and the middle class and most Americans consider themselves as middle class. In reality American society is more diverse and there is an extensive difference among people. The basic determinants that make social class are wealth, education, income and occupation. Some sociologists have divided the American society in six distinct categories including: rich or the upper class, upper middle class, lower middle class, lower class and poor and under class. It is believed that the people who belong to the same social class share similar social positions, similar ways of thinking and life styles, others oppose this idea and believe that we cannot generalize characteristic of the people to one another. Social class creates a hierarchy for the people of each class, as a way of identifying which level each person falls in. One of the indications of the social class in America is income in terms of either individual or household and is one of the most important indicators of social class. Most students from working-class homes who are striving to better their situations in life become discouraged at the many obstacles in their paths†(Henslin 383). Families who have two income earners are in a better position for their children to succeed in school. Per capita income, which means the amount of money allocated to each individual member, is also another important determinant in social stratification. It can be said the families who have f ewer members are in a better position. Another indication in social stratification is education in which there is a relation with the occupation and income. Higher education means that one needs money and to pay tuition, so it is clear that most of the time the families who are better off can afford a better education for their children, they can pay for better schools and private schools, colleges and universities. As the result there is connection between money and education for a higher chance to succeed. One of the most prominent features of social class is culture, people of the same social class tend to have similar ways of behavior even though this behavior and culture is not something fixed. There is diversity inside the same social group as well. One of the important terms in American culture and literature is the concept of Social Status. Another important characteristic of American social class is achieved status rather than the described statues, it means that regardless of his or her original statues, one can become rich and successful and climb the social ladder. But in reality this idealistic view cannot be completely true, many people of color are still suffering the racial prejudices and as a result they cannot have the proper education and a good occupation which is perhaps the most important class component. These people have lower income and the cycle will continue to the later generations. Despite the existing injustice and inequalities, America is considered land of opportunity. Thought this belief is exaggerated, Americans have improved their economic situation with their hard working and persistence. Despite what sociologists call a â€Å"deficit of cultural capital,† through determined hard work, native ability, and perseverance some members of the working class manage to attain social mobility†(Henslin 383). The different social classes can define one’s income, occupation, and the kind of friends one would make, usually these classes do not mix socially, the upper classes will not mingle with lower middle class es and middle classes tend not to associate with low/poor classes. From the sociological perspectives, regarding symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory, to feminism and gender equality, to social stratification, these similar aspects of sociology define how we as humans perceive each other and how society is structured into different classes and how gender plays a important role in society. Sociology has different perspectives from each sociologist, ranging from Max Weber to Durkheim to Frazier to Karl Marx. Society works on a basis of how each member of it chooses to act, and how the certain classes interact with each other and form us, as human beings. Similar essay: Our Changing Society How to cite Sociology Paper on Society, Essay examples

The Life Of Virginia Woolf Essay Research free essay sample

The Life Of Virginia Woolf Essay, Research Paper Driven by unmanageable circumctances and internal struggle, her life was cut short by self-destruction. One of the greatest female writers of all times, Virginia Woolf, produced a organic structure of writtings respected universe broad. Her function in feminsim, along with the personal relationships in her life, influanced her literary. Virginias relationships throughout her life contributed non merely to her literature, but the quality of her life as good. Possibly the greatest influence in Virginia # 8217 ; s life is her female parent, Julia Stephen. # 8220 ; Julia Stephen was the most sensational figure which her girl [ Virginia Woolf ] tried to raise and continue # 8221 ; ( Gordon 4 ) . Woolf, a manic-depressive, found herself invariably seeking for blessing. # 8220 ; Virginia needed her female parent # 8217 ; s blessing in order to # 8216 ; step her ain stature # 8221 ; ( Bond 38 ) . Battling with a sense of ineptitude, Virginia # 8217 ; s female parent helped her tempor arily free herself of self-criticism and uncertainty. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life Of Virginia Woolf Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This nevertheless was ephemeral. When Mrs. Stephen rejected Virginia, she felt her female parent # 8217 ; s disapproval straight related to the quality of her authorship. # 8220 ; Virginia Woolf could non bear to reread anything she had written # 8230 ; Mrs. Stephen # 8217 ; s rejection of Virginia may hold been the paradigm of her failure to run into her ain criterions # 8221 ; ( Bond 39 ) . With the decease of her female parent Woolf used her novel, To the Lighthouse to # 8220 ; reconstruct and preserve # 8221 ; the memories that still remained. Harmonizing to Woolf, # 8220 ; the character of Mrs. Ramsey in To the Lighthouse was modeled wholly upon that of her female parent # 8221 ; ( Bond 27 ) . This helped Virginia in her closing when covering with the loss and compulsion with her female parent. Although Virginia clung to the relationship with her female parent, she favored her male parent, Leslie Stephen. Virginia resembled her male parent uncannily in character traits , in her authorship and diffidences, in her great and malicious sense of wit, in her matrimony, in her frugalness, in her fright of aging, and in her societal consciousness. ( Bond 59 ) They were both highly outspoken while saving no one # 8217 ; s feelings with their remarks. Virginia and Leslie both had strong personalities and rapid temper alterations. Woolf portrayed her male parent, like her female parent, through word picture in To the Lighthouse. Mr. Ramsey captures her male parent as a adult male of # 8220 ; perplexing mutableness, a buoy uping switch from the most loveable of work forces, to a # 8216 ; famished wolfhound # 8217 ; and back once more # 8221 ; ( Gordon 22 ) . This portraiture of Leslie Stephens relates to his unmanageable furies and temper swings. Leslie Stephen non merely controlled Virginia # 8217 ; s mental development, but her rational development every bit good. He became his girls # 8217 ; wise man, and # 8220 ; trained her to go his rational Air e # 8221 ; ( Bond 60 ) . Mr. Ramsey parallels Woolf # 8217 ; s male parent in # 8220 ; his demand to go through his rational nature onto his kids # 8221 ; ( Gordon 26 ) . Leslie Stephen saw no job with his unmanageable behaviour. Virginia, on the other manus, found it exasperating. She established: In the creative activity of this character # 8230 ; the scrutiny of Mr. Ramsey # 8230 ; is like a informant box history of the pros and cons of his [ Leslie Stephens ] behaviour. ( Gordon 22 ) Despite their differences, Virginia and her male parent formed a particular bond non understood by anyone but each other. His insecurities and defects became hers, which added to the already tremendous battles in her life. The relationship between the two influenced Virginia # 8217 ; s life, every bit good as her decease. By watching her male parent dice of a terminal unwellness, Virginia wrote: The waiting in unbearable # 8230 ; the worst of it is he is so tired and worn out, and wants to d ecease # 8230 ; I shall make my best to destroy my fundamental law before I get to this age, so as to decease quicker # 8230 ; I can non bear to go the wretch my male parent became when he reached my phase of life. ( Bond 62 ) . Virginia had great troubles composing towards that end, and she feared her work would merely go on to decline with age. At the age of fifty-nine on the Eve of her birthday, Virginia drowned herself. Her male parent # 8217 ; s decease did non entirely act upon her self-destruction, but her designation with him was so strong that he was # 8220 ; instrumental in her pick of decease # 8221 ; ( Bond 62 ) . While Virginia Woolf # 8217 ; s parents contributed greatly to her unstable life, her hubby, Leonard, took on the duty of maintaining her temporarily together. Leonard # 8217 ; s function as Virginia # 8217 ; s hubby is a complicated 1. He non merely helped her through he manic-depressive episodes, but besides worked to keep her self-esteem. Because of Virginia # 8217 ; s mental province the matrimony between the two endured many struggles. Shortly after they were married, Virginia became sick, suffered legion dislocations, and attempted self-destruction. Their matrimony resembled that of Virginia # 8217 ; s parents, in that both matrimonies # 8220 ; were based on supposed grounds of superiority-inferiority # 8221 ; ( Bond 96 ) . Virginia had problem in showing her choler, and because of this she took retaliation out on Leonard. She non merely refused to hold sex with him, but she besides psychologically abused him. Exhibited in Virginias # 8217 ; literary work Mrs. Dalloway. Virginia, # 8220 ; like her # 8216 ; chaste # 8217 ; heroine, Mrs. Dalloway, needed to forbear from sex with her hubby in order to keep her discreteness # 8221 ; ( Bond 96 ) . Despite all of the convulsion, their matrimony survived. The matrimony became necessary for Virginia # 8217 ; s mental endurance every bit good as the endurance of her composi ng calling, which Leonard was an plus to. He kept Virginia focused on her authorship, and kept her sane for drawn-out periods of clip. He # 8220 ; experienced vicarious satisfaction from Virginia # 8217 ; s composing # 8221 ; ( Bond 96 ) . When Leonard criticized Virginia # 8217 ; s composing, as with her female parent, she fell back into depression and psychosis. Virginia # 8217 ; s inability to map with out Leonard # 8217 ; s support finally contributed to her self-destruction. Despite Virginia # 8217 ; s matrimony to Leonard he was non her true love. The love of Virginia # 8217 ; s life, Vita Sackville, and Virginia met while Virginia was in her mid-fortiess. They continued an on and off relationship # 8220 ; which contributed to the care of Virginia # 8217 ; s wellness and saneness for 18 old ages # 8221 ; ( Marcus 109 ) . The relationship betw een the two â€Å"was of primary importance in finding the class for Virginia Woolf in both her psychosis and her guineas† ( Marcus 150 ) . The relationship manifested Virginia’s childhood memories every bit good as offering a curative facet. Vita filled the nothingnesss for Virginia, which enabled her to restart her emotional development. Vita instigated the blossoming of Virginia’s growing and creativeness and served as the primary beginning of inspiration and creativeness for Woolf’s most of import plants, To the Lighthouse, The moving ridges, and Orlando. ( Bond 119 ) Even though Vita helped Virginia, because she was incapable of being faithful and left Virginia for other relationships after a few months. â€Å"Virginia was heartbroken, and reacted to a minor breakdown† ( Bond 118 ) . Vita returned to Virginia, and regenerate her creativeness and better her wellness, but when the â€Å"love matter with Vita eventually ended, the visible radiati on of Virginia’s mastermind dimmed† ( Bond 154 ) . The relationship between Virginia and her sister Vanessa offered a different of relationship from all the others in her life. From the clip Vanessa and Virginia were kids, Vanessa acted as a safety cyberspace for Virginia. Virginia looked to her sister for comfort in a motherly function, and this continued with each new crisis. However, Vanessa failed to populate up to the outlooks Virginia had on her as a replacement female parent. The first case occurred with the decease of their male parent, Leslie Stephen. Virginia â€Å"found herself emotionally drained and exhausted, † while Vanessa â€Å"was obviously delighted at recovering her freedom, and being released from the attention and sick pique of this oppressive man† ( Bond 100 ) . Because of their differences in get bying with Leslie Stephens’ decease, Vanessa did non offer much solace to Virginia. Virginia found Vanessa’s felicity imposs ible to bear†¦ Vanessa’s indifference to Virginia’s province of head contributed to her heartache and subsequent mental breakdown†¦ At the decease of Sir Leslie, Virginia lost her male parent and her sister, the two people closest to her. ( Bond 111 ) . Their deteriorating relationship continued to decline with each new wrangle. Each clip they would reason, Virginia would endure a dislocation, and Vanessa would accommodate with Virginia. When Vita and Virginia met, she and Vanessa went their separate ways. The sisters continued to hold no contact while the relationship between Vita and Virginia prospered, but when Vita would go forth her, the sisters would do damagess yet once more. Their relationship remained unstable because of the outlooks placed on the relationship by Virginia. By neglecting to make full the function of female parent that Virginia required, and by non being psychologically present for her at the decease of their male parent, Vanessa was w oven into the cloth of Virginia’s breakdowns†¦ by non being emotionally available to Virginia, Vanessa indirectly helped her to precipitate Virginia’s homosexual love affair†¦ and the ensuing indifference to Virginia’s hurting contributed to her heartache and subsequent self-destruction. ( Bond 109 ) Virginia portrayed her relationship with Vanessa through her literary work, The Waves. A character in the narrative, Susan, presents Vanessa as an â€Å"uninhibited kid of nature, as a animal of the wild, independent of the demands of civilization† ( Bond 110 ) , which was how Virginia viewed her sister. The difficult ships between Virginia and her sister may hold arisen because Virginia asked excessively much of her sister, Vanessa could non accept the duty asked of her. Insanity did non halt Virginia Woolf from accomplishing great achievements, including feminism. As one of the earliest womens rightists, Woolf’s function in feminism was due to relationships with others throughout her life. Woolf shied off from feminist groups, yet she was intensely critical of patriarchal societal and political system of values, peculiarly related to adult females, and her fiction became a vehicle of her unfavorable judgments. Woolf felt her male parent was a autocrat and she became â€Å"the voice against male tyranny† ( Bond 52 ) . Her literature was a voice for suppressed adult females. She spoke out non merely against her male parent, but against her female parent every bit good. She blamed her male parent for her mother’s decease because he expected her to give her whole life to his demands. Sing this as a kid, Virginia placed most of the incrimination on her female parent for losing her personal sense of ego and individuality, doing her to decease immature. Although Virginia refused to settle for a life like her mother’s, she fell into a similar form with her hubby Leonard. Her matrimony paralleled her paren ts because Leonard controlled every facet of Virginia’s life. For Virginia, it was necessary to depend on Leonard in order to prolong life, but she rebelled against him, and the full male sex. Virginia blamed work forces for most of the negative events in her life. For the feminist Virginia Woolf, who turned down decorations and doctors degrees at universities, which discriminated against adult females, second-class citizenship was unacceptable. ( Bond 40 ) Virginia dedicated many of her plants to the womens rightist cause, including one of her most celebrated, A Room of One’s Own, presents the favoritism of adult females in a humourous manner. She writes about university bookmans go toing a dinner where work forces are served the finest nutrient with the best gustatory sensation, and the adult females are given bland, tiring nutrient. Although the work forces and adult females hold equal places their intervention is far from equal. Woolf felt this comparing represente d the mundane intervention of adult females. Virginia Woolf used her leading and literary endowment to contend for women’s rights, and to convey justness to the unjust obstructions adult females were challenged with. â€Å"Only composing, † Virginia Woolf said, â€Å"could compose ‘the synthesis of my being† ( Gordon 7 ) . Virginia Woolf greatly affected the feminist motion with her ideas and composing. Her relationships with others fired her originative endowment all the clip driving her to suicide. Chemical bond, Ala Halbert. Who Killed Virginia Woolf? : Human Sciences Inc, 1989. Gordon, Lyndall. Virginia Woolf: University of New York Press, 1986 Marcus, Jane. Virginia Woolf:

BibMes Great Textbook Giveaway!

s Great Textbook Giveaway! ’s Great Textbook Giveaway! We on the team are very appreciative of the support our users have given us. Many of you have made donations, spread the word about , and recommended it to your educational peers. We’re hoping you continue to do so, but in case you needed a little convincing, we’re giving you a little more incentive. Today, we’re proud to announce â€Å"’s Great Textbook Giveaway†! We’re giving someone the chance to win $500 worth of textbooks for the spring semester of 2010. And here’s how†¦ We’re holding a contest to see who can market in the most creative, effective way. Come up with a novel idea on how to spread the word about , and then make that idea happen. We’re leaving the rest up to you. Go all out – hire a skywriter! Rig up a bat signal with the logo! Feel free to go viral, or make use of any number of social networking/media websites, too, if you’d like. If you have a lot of Facebook friends or Twitter followers, using them as your target audience may be a smart place to start. You may be able to target people better near your school, particularly around finals week near the end of fall semester. But you are in no way limited to stay on campus – go wherever your idea takes you! Please email your submission to textbooks@.org. Include your name, school, a description of your idea and why you think it was effective,   along with pictures and/or video to show it in action. We will share submissions on our blog as we get them. Submissions must be made by Thursday, December 31, 2009 at 11:59 PM ET. The four members of the team will judge all entries on originality, creativity, and effectiveness. A winner will be announced on Sunday, January 3, 2010 and will be contacted with details on how to claim their $500 credit towards their textbooks for the semester. By making a submission for the contest, you: Give permission to publish your submission on our website, including but not limited to your name, a description of your idea, and any submitted photos/videos. Agree that you accept all responsibility for any marketing efforts you make and that you do not hold responsible in any way. Agree to make any marketing efforts tasteful and appropriate, and that any marketing efforts will not diminish ’s brand or reputation. Good luck and we can’t wait to see what you guys can come up with! UPDATE: Unfortunately, we didn’t receive any submissions, so no books will be given out this semester. We’d still like to give books away to our users – keep following our blog to find out when we do this next.

PEST and PESTEL Analysis

PEST and PESTEL Analysis The PEST analysis is a tool for assessing the broad environment in which a firm operates and is trying to compete, and the model is probably best-known for providing a virtual alphabet soup of acronyms. PEST is an acronym for Political/Economic/Sociocultural/Technological; other variants include PESTEL (Political/Economic/Sociocultural/Technological/Environmental/Legal), STEP, SLEPT, PELTS, LE-PEST-C (which adds Competitive Forces to the PESTEL model), and SPECTACLES (Social/Political/Economic/Cultural/Technological/Aesthetic/Customer/Legal/Environmental/Sectoral). Apart from different degrees of breadth and the suggestion that some factors can be prioritized in different ways depending on how the acronym is arranged, there is no fundamental difference among these variations. Defining PEST Factors Political: The political environment consists of the laws, regulations, and policies that currently – or in the foreseeable future – affect the company’s operations and objectives. Economic: Economic factors are those of the wider macroeconomic environment (which is to say, practically all of it, one way or another) that affect the company. Inflation and interest rates, equity and commodity market trends, and other indicators such as unemployment or job creation rates all have an impact on the company by determining what stage of the business cycle the company’s particular market is currently in; obviously, if the company is pursuing a strategy that is not supported by its economic environment, that would be a problem. Sociocultural: Cultural characteristics and traditions, the social structure of a population in the company’s market, ethical and moral norms, and other factors such as age, education level, and language are all important factors for the company to understand and respond to appropriately with its products or services. Technological: Technological influences exist on many different levels. The most obvious one is the technology of products, for example, the rapid proliferation of increasingly capable  smartphones and tablets steadily taking market share from ‘traditional’ desktop computers and laptops. Process technology for businesses evolves almost as rapidly  because it is supported by the developing technology underlying consumer products. Managerial technology, the ideas, methods, and processes used to manage businesses competitively, also evolves. The latter is the most likely to be overlooked in an environmental analysis; most firms are fairly competent in identifying the characteristics of their environment, but often do not recognize that the means and methods which they must use to respond effectively to new circumstances need to be updated as well. You may also be interested in: How to Write Critical Analysis Critical Success Factors Analysis Five Forces Analysis How to Understand SWOT Analysis My Assignment Brief Says â€Å"PESTEL† Analysis, so Where’s the EL? Including the Environmental and Legal components of the analysis seems to be current academic fashion; in real-world managerial practice, preferences for more or fewer factors are more or less uniformly distributed – some prefer the longer and more sub-divided format like PESTEL or SPECTACLES, others prefer the shorter version. The pitfall of additional factors is that they are often not distinct enough to warrant separate attention. Environmental concerns, for example, do not exist outside the contexts of social and cultural attitudes towards the environment, political factors that affect the management of the environment, and technological impacts on the environment. Legal issues, such as laws regulating company activities, or laws governing the forming and enforcement of contracts, all derive from political factors, and to some extent, from sociocultural factors; they cannot exist on their own. For the purposes of generating the environmental overview, turning a PEST into a PESTEL or another  variation is not at all difficult. Analyzing the factors, however, becomes more complex the more letters there are in the acronym; careful attention must be paid to how the various factors are related to each other. Common Steps in a PEST Analysis In general, analyzing the factors gathered together in a PEST requires five steps: Step 1. Determine which trends are relevant to the organization.  Past strategies and their outcomes are a good guide to determining which of the factors identified are likely to have an impact on the company in the future; some will be rather obviously relevant or not, but most will require careful study. Once the relevant factors are identified, investigate their behavior over time to identify general trends and patterns that will be continued in the future. Step 2. Identify the interdependencies in the trends.  All of the relevant factors and trends are connected in some way  and either complement or conflict with one another. Using the ‘environment’ example from above, a trend towards stricter environmental laws (a Political factor) would probably be seen to correlate with stronger public attitudes about the environment (a Sociocultural factor) and growth in â€Å"green† products (an Economic and/or Technological factor). Understanding these interdependencies is important to prevent the development of strategic objectives that have unintended consequences. Step 3. Forecast specific issues for the company that the trends will create.  Again, past performance is the best source of evidence for how relevant trends will impact the company. At this point, you should begin to prioritize the trends and the issues that are created from them in order of greatest to least impact on the company and its strategy. Step 4. Develop implications of trends and environmental changes.  The trends and issues should be examined in three contexts: the possible impacts on the industry or sector as a whole; possible impacts on the company’s competitive position; and possible impacts on the position of the company’s direct competitors. Step 5. Conduct a sensitivity analysis.  The particular manner in which this is done depends on the circumstances and priorities of the firm. As a general rule of thumb, if the projected possible negative result of a particular issue is slightly below the ‘worst-case scenario’ result for the related objective, the issue should be considered critical. Advantages Disadvantages of PEST The PEST analysis is a useful precursor to internal analyses  or analyses such as SWOT analysis that combine  internal and external factors. Like the Critical Success Factors analysis, a significant part of the benefits from doing a PEST analysis come from the exercise itself. Key drivers of change in the organization or its market are identified along with their relationships, and this analysis framework provides a sort of â€Å"common language† for managerial decision-making and interaction. On the other hand, PEST does have a number of flaws. The four factors of the basic PEST model are somewhat arbitrary; the assumption that they do significantly affect every business is usually correct, but there is no guarantee of this. And of course, adding more factors to turn PEST into a PESTEL or another  variant comes at the cost of added complexity. The model also makes the assumption that historical behavior and trends predict  the future, which may not always be the case. In addition, determining which trends and factors are relevant to the company and its market is entirely subjective, as is identifying interdependencies among trends to some degree. Various data-management programs can help reduce the uncertainty  but add time and cost to the analysis.  And finally, PEST does not necessarily suggest a course of action; it helps to identify important factors and trends, but not what the organization should do about them.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Utilizing a Project Labor Agreement Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Utilizing a Project Labor Agreement - Essay Example So, they can opt to join or not to do so. First, PLA can help in promoting uniformity in the construction sector. Since it requires the constructors to be members of labor unions, it means that it advocates for equality in salaries, wages, overtime, allowances, working hours, benefits, working rules and conditions adhered to while working on the government-sponsored construction projects. This demonstrates how the agreement can be beneficial to all the parties starting from the main constructor, sub-contractor up to the laborers. Besides, it helps in providing assurance to all the involved contractors that the project would be completed within the shortest time possible. It is possible to attain this because the agreement guarantees a steady and reliable of well trained and highly qualified laborers. At the same time, PLA makes the management of such projects much easier because they are properly coordinated and operated under predictable budgets. In addition, PLA helps in making the work to be smoothly carried out without experiencing challenges like conflict, strikes and go slows which are common in non-unionized firms. Since all the contractors have to be members of trade unions, they are obliged to comply with rules and regulations governing their operations (Tuerck, 2010). Because of this, it can be much easier to resolve conflicts and eradicate the cases of strike that might slow down the construction process. Moreover, PLA can e a good thing for the laborers because it ensures that they are properly empowered. It requires the contractors to provide adequate trainings an apprentice programs for certain classes of employees including the minorities, disabled, women, veterans and all the other underprivileged people in the society. By giving such workers an opportunity to acquire training, they can be able to have personal growth and become more useful and valuable employees in the years to

Human Trafficking in the UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Human Trafficking in the UAE - Essay Example There are various other reasons for human trafficking that include illegal tissue and organ extraction (Joint Council of Europe/United Nations Study, 2009), and reproductive trafficking that encompasses removal of the ova or even surrogacy (Eyal, 2012). Human trafficking is considered as a lucrative trade, and comes second only to illicit drug trafficking, in the context of raking in highest profits amongst all other illicit industries worldwide (Haken, 2011). Reports revealed that total revenue earned from human trafficking in 2004 was estimated to be around $9 billion (UNECE, 2004). ILO in one of its reports on human trafficking estimated that the industry earned around $31.6 billion (in profits) each year, globally (Belser, 2005). The UN estimated that, â€Å"about 2.5 million people from 127 countries have been trafficked to 137 countries for purposes such as forced labour, sexual exploitation, the removal of organs and body parts, forced marriages, child adoption and beggingâ⠂¬  (UN News Centre, 2008). Some experts contend that statistical representation of data on human trafficking is flawed and sometimes not quantifiable. ... procedure that displays persistently changing patterns closely connected to economic conditions; thus making a large part of the statistical analysis found in various reports flawed (Feingold, 2010). As per the definition provided by International Centre for Migration Policy development (ICMPD), human trafficking is â€Å"Crime against person – victim; violation of the rights of the victim of trafficking by definition (violation of person’s human rights; victim of coercion and exploitation that give rise to duties by the State to treat the individual as a victim of a crime and human rights violation)† (ICMPD, nd). Human trafficking victims are not allowed to leave once they reach their destination, and are held against their will through threats and coercion and made to serve or work (bonded labour or commercialised sexual exploitation) for the trafficker. The UAE forms to be a global centre point for human trafficking that deals primarily with women  and child ren. As per some reports published in 2010, human trafficking in the UAE accounted for nearly 37 % of all illegal migration cases referred in 2009 to  Dubai Foundation for Women and Children  (DFWAC), which is an increase of almost 28 % from 2008. UAE’s official fight against human trafficking started six years back in 2006, with the enactment of Federal Law 51 and formation of National Committee to Combat Human Trafficking (NCCHT). While results in the past five years hint that there has been significant progress in process of combatting human trafficking, however the government must take into consideration that various interlinked challenges at multiple levels, associated with this illicit trade, makes it necessary for the government to be on constant alert and maintain sustained vigil. In this regard,

Assessing Of The Internally Displaced Persons Sociology Essay

Assessing Of The Internally Displaced Persons Sociology Essay Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are those who are forcibly uprooted within the boundaries of their own countries as a result of violent conflicts; tend to be among the most desperate populations (Egeland, 2004; OCHA, 1999). According to Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2010, the number of internally displaced persons uprooted from their homes by armed conflicts, generalized violence and human rights abuses across the world stood at 27.1 million people by 2009. The most affected region with 11.6 million internally displaced persons was Africa, where Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Somalia along with Iraq and Colombia stood among those countries which comprised over half of the worlds internally displaced persons. South and Southeast Asia was the region with largest relative increase in number of IDPs in 2009 where some 4.3 million people were estimated to be internally displaced mainly as a result of existing conflicts that escalated and majority of them were trapped in situations of protracted displacement. These figures are 23 per cent year-on-year increase from 3.5 million to 4.3 million. These estimations merely reflect the severity of the issue that in fact is much bigger in its extent. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) therefore pose an enormous challenge to the international community, national governments and humanitarian organizations as internal displacement has a devastating impact on not only the IDPs own families but also on the entire society (IDMC/NRC, 2009; Holmes, 2008; Women Refugee Commission, 1998). Displaced women and children constitute an overwhelming majority of the refugee population (Ni Aolain, 2009; Ganguly-Scrase Vogl, 2008; UN-ESCWA, 2006; UNHCR, 2008; Kaapanda Fenn, 2006), yet there is little recognition that forced displacement is a gendered phenomenon (Behera, 2006). Majority of these women flee within their State territories and thus do not receive the similar protection and assistance that is provided to the refugees who cross international borders (Al Gasseer et al., 2004). Displacement has a differential impact on both women and men, which can differ at various stages of crisis (El Jack, 2003). These differences prevail on account of women being at the subordinate position, socio-cultural norms, unequal power relations and womens role as the primary caretaker of the household and family (Ni Aolain, 2009). IDP women take care of their families and uphold cultural norms, even when they are abandoned by their husbands and thus excluded from the traditional protection, left homeless and without any valuable assets or economically productive work, and without any family or community support (Ganguly-Scrase Vogl, 2008). Internally displaced persons are not a homogeneous category of people (IDMC/NRC, 2009; Kaapanda Fenn, 2006). They have specific needs, vulnerabilities, and coping strategies based, among other things, on their age, sex, ethnicity and membership of a social group (IDMC, 2009). Even displacement does not affect all women the same way, for example women belonging to ethnic minorities in Sudan were marginalized due to their minority status, which constituted an overwhelming number of casualties among them due to war and its consequences (El Jack, 2002). Displacement affects women in multi-faceted ways, it results in serious security risks, losing close family members, psychological atrocities, sexual violence, deterioration of social safety net and reduction in the already limited economic opportunities (Women and Forced Migration, 2006; El Jack, 2002). In the course of displacement, the experience of leaving their homes and villages, loss of social capital and living in an unfamiliar and stressful environment, surrounded by complete strangers, causes extreme hardships to women (Women and Forced Migration, 2006). Displacement also results in food scarcity due to removal from sources of income and livelihood. Furthermore, inequalities in aid distribution place women and girls more susceptible to malnutrition (UN-ESCWA, 2006). The reduced access to resources and limited opportunities for employment makes it extremely difficult for women to cope with household responsibilities (El-Bushra, 2003; El Jack, 2002). It is also evident that w omen often take the back seat in terms of relief and rehabilitation. In the first instance, national policies on relief and resettlement do not acknowledge the specific needs and vulnerabilities of women (Women and Forced Migration, 2006). In the second instance, humanitarian organizations often disenfranchise women by relegating them to the status of victim: this is further reinforced by giving them little say in decision making with regard to aid distribution and rehabilitation (Banerjee in Ganguly-Scrase Vogl, 2008). Women also lack access to essential reproductive health services due to rigid socio-cultural norms, restrictions on their mobility, lack of health care infrastructure and insecurity (Women and Forced Migration, 2006). 1.2 Conflict Induced Internal Displacement in Balochistan Balochistan comprises almost 44 per cent of Pakistans geographical territory with 770 km long coastline alone with the Arabian Sea (Andley, 2006; ADB, 2005) and straddles Iran and Afghanistan (Grare, 2006). The enormity of its size, contrasts strikingly with its sparse population of 7.1 million people, constituting only 5.1 per cent of the total (ADB, 2004). Balochistan holds substantial portion of Pakistans energy and mineral resources; accounting for 36 per cent of its total gas production. It is also resourced with huge reserves of copper, gold, platinum, silver, aluminum, uranium, coal and is a potential transit zone for a pipeline transporting natural gas from Iran and Turkmenistan to India. Balochistan coast provides Pakistan with an exclusive economic zone potentially rich in oil, gas, and minerals spread over approximately 180,000 square kilometers giving Balochistan considerable strategic importance (Grare, 2006). Despite being the richest province in terms of energy and mineral resources, Balochistan remains underdeveloped and economically destitute among other provinces (AITPN, 2007). The incidence of poverty is pronounced in the province, characterized by inadequacy of income, low quality of life, denial of opportunities and choices. Among others, lack of access to basic services such as health, education, safe drinking water , sanitation and poor quality of roads and transportation also account for some of the critical issues. Similarly, literacy rates especially for rural women are very low. Additionally, widespread leakages in the governance system, lack of accountability of public institutions, inability of governments to deliver social and economic goods further marginalized the destitute sections of life (ADB, 2004).    Since the partition of India in 1947, Balochistan has been the centre of ethno-nationalist struggle resulting in violent revolts between separatists and the federal government due to its forcible annexation with the current Pakistan (IDMC/NRC, 2009; Zambelis, 2009). Baloch militants have staged several insurgencies against the State for greater political control over their administrative affairs and larger dividend from local development projects and the exploitation of natural resources (IDMC/NRC, 2009). These resentments persist even today because of the central governments suppression of nationalistic aspirations; the absence of economic and social development in Balochistan and the exclusion of the provincial authorities and local population from decisions on major regional projects (Grare, 2006). On the other hand, the federal government views the violence in Balochistan as the work of miscreants led by few militant tribal leaders who do not represent the Baloch majority and who se efforts are aimed at maintaining their hold over tribes and tribal system from where they garner support, power and wealth and undermining the development efforts led by the government (Dunne, 2006). Balochistan enmeshed in a rash of violence in continuum with the decades-old conflict that has flared up once again over the issue of the rape of a medical doctor associated with Pakistan Petroleum Limited apparently by an army officer in Sui tehsil of the Dera Bugti district in January 2005 (AITPN, 2007). The rape of a doctor in a secure hospital precinct provoked riots in Balochistan and a large scale tribal uprising. However, the Balochistan crisis intensified after Pakistani government launched full-scale military operation against the Baloch nationalists in the region following the firing of eight rockets at a paramilitary base on the outskirts of the town of Kohlu, during the visit of then President General Pervez Musharraf  (IDMC/NRC, 2009; AITPN, 2007). The current wave of violence is an offshoot of the decades of suppression of the Baloch people by the federal government (Dunne, 2006). Though the dispute in Balochistan is essentially political, the Pakistani military and t he Baloch tribal militants have always sought a military solution for their disagreements (Human Rights Watch, 2008). Hundreds of thousands of people fled to safer places as a result of military operation and aerial bombardment in Marri and Bugti tribal areas (AHRC, 2006). Over 200,000 people about 90 per cent of population of Dera Bugti and Kohlu districts (majority with women and children) were forcibly driven out of their homes following the outbreak of hostilities between the warring tribesmen and the law-enforcement agencies in the early summer of 2005 (IDMC, 2009). According to International Crisis Group (ICG), at least 84,000 people have been displaced by the conflict in Dera Bugti and Kohlu districts since December 2005 when military operations began. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) has estimated that in all, 100,000 people were displaced in the Dera Bugti and Kohlu districts and among those nearly 40,000 have returned to their homes in 2009, while more than 40,000 are still displaced. According to government of Balochistan there were 1200 households who were displaced from Tehsil Dera Bugti, 800 from Tehsil Sui and 1300 from Tehsil Phalawagh. It makes total of 3300 households who were displaced from Dera Bugti district alone. However, these estimations vary and it is unclear how many Marri and Bugti have actually been displaced after the conflict has escalated in their areas. Despite adverse state of affairs, there is no single officially recognized IDP camp in the entire province of Balochistan. The displaced population is scattered on the outskirts of either Naseerabad, Jaffarabad, Sibi, Bolan and Quetta districts of Balochistan or displaced to the Sindh and Punjab provinces (IDMC/NRC, 2009; AHRC, 2006). They have been living in deplorable conditions in temporary settlements and are deprived of adequate shelter, safe drinking water, sanitation, food, schooling, health care and other basic necessities (AITPN, 2009). The governments response to IDPs in Balochistan has remained halfhearted. Moreover, the absence of national policy or institutional arrangements to cater the needs of internally displaced persons in conflicted zones of Balochistan is the main obstacle in recovery and rehabilitation of the IDPs. International and national humanitarian agencies including UN have denied access by government to grapple with the IDP crisis in Balochistan due to se curity reasons (IDMC/NRC, 2009). In a speech to the parliament in December 2009, although the Prime Minister Syed Yusuf Raza Gilani acknowledged the difficult situation of displaced persons and announced $12 million for their return and rehabilitation as part of the Balochistan Support Package. However the package was rejected by the Baloch nationalists arguing that it is too little and too late. Indeed, no practical steps have been taken further to reconcile aggrieved groups and bring them in the mainstream political landscape (IDMC, 2010). 1.3 Problem Statement Conflict displacement exposes families and communities to intense suffering and traumatic experiences of enormous loss of life, loss of social fabric, gross impoverishment through the loss of livestock and land, erosion of cultural values, beliefs and practices, sexual violence and psycho-social distress (El-Bushra, 2003). On the other hand, it has a long term social impact whereby the prolonged suffering and appalling conditions force women to take steps and responsibilities in the public domain that traditionally did not form part of their role (Rivero, 2006). Simultaneously, it comes with an opportunity to renegotiate gendered power structures, patriarchal norms and notions of masculinity and femininity (El-Bushra, 2003; Moser Clark, 2001). Ni Aolain (2009) suggests that conflict may have hidden opportunity to empower women and trigger the structural and social transformations in face with the new set of social, economic and political realities of the post conflict arena. Women and men experience the uprooting, displacement and reconstruction of life in entirely different manners (Moser Clark, 2001). Although women are disproportionately disadvantaged and the initial impact of displacement is more severe for women than men; women tend to adapt more quickly to their new environment and search for new spaces through informal support mechanisms in order to meet their family needs. Men because of inaccessibility to economic resources, limited opportunities for employment and their huge dependence on formal institutional support networks, adapt the new situation at much slower pace (Moser Clark, 2001, El-Bushra, 2003). It often results in working women; bearing the main financial burden of providing for the family and dependent men taking up the responsibility for children and domestic chores. Conflict undoubtedly provides greater responsibilities to women and with that the possibility to exert greater leverage in the decision-making processes (El-Bushra , 2003). While Rivero (2006) argues that the public role of women places great pressure on women because it is socially unacceptable and women run the risk of being stigmatized and marginalized by their families and communities. Womens taking up greater financial responsibilities, entering occupations which were previously the preserve of men and involving in the decision making process at the household and community level may no bring long-term changes in gender ideologies rather reinforce gender value systems (El-Bushra, 2003). Research studies carried out by El-Bushra (2003) highlight that gender role reversal during conflict and displacement may not combine with an ideological shift, women status outside the household may remain subordinate in relation to men. As men have lost access to resources, assets and with that their conventional role of breadwinner or provider; men may feel more difficulty to adjust with the new roles and mens inability to meet gendered expectations may result into frustration, humiliation and sense of failure. Patriarchal norms which establish ideological basis are at the heart of the issue. This research is significantly relevant to explore whether conflict displacement has changed accepted notions of masculinity and femininity among internally displaced persons of the Bugti tribe of the Balochistan province? Whether changes in gender roles brought about by displacement provide opportunities for changes in ideological basis? If yes than how? if no than why? There is a knowledge gap in the current scholarship on gender dimension of displacement with regard to Bugti tribe of Balochistan. The current study attempts to fill this gap while raising following research questions: 1.4 Research Questions How this conflict forced people to move? What is the pattern of conflict induced internal displacement? What are the changes in survival strategies of both women and men after displacement? Whether changes in survival strategies account for changes in gender roles? If yes then how? 1.5 Objectives of the Study 1.5.1 General Objective The core objective of this research study is to explore the impact of conflict induced internal displacement on survival strategies and how changes in survival strategies account for changes in gender roles among displaced persons of the Bugti tribe in district Jaffarabad of the Balochistan province. 1.5.2 Specific Objectives In order to attain the general objective of this research study, several specific objectives have been developed. The specific objectives include: To analyze the migration pattern of conflict displacement; To study the changes in survival strategies of both women and men after displacement; To examine how changes in survival strategies account for changes in gender roles. 1.6 Rationale of the Study Women and children with their numerical dominance constitute 80 per cent of the worlds refugee population; their overwhelming dominance alone justifies a critical interrogation (Kaapanda Fenn, 2006). Despite that, where the term gender appears, its usage often implies that women and girls are predominantly victims, while men are depicted as perpetrators. The term should not be used in such a limited fashion; it should allow researchers to see women and men as actors who function in a variety of roles and examine how shifts into non-traditional roles affect power balances in the course of displacement (UNDP, 2002). Though, there is growing scholarship on the plight of the displaced; more attention needs to be paid to womens experiences. The recognition that forced displacement is a gendered phenomenon is fairly a recent understanding. Womens experiences as internally displaced persons are lesser known, particularly in the context of South Asia. There are only few scholars who have dealt at length on this problem and investigated the impact of conflict displacement on gender roles in the context of South-Asia and there is hardly any monograph available that has focused on this issue particularly in the context of Pakistan. The subject explicitly deserves in-depth investigation, which this research study would try to stimulate and attempt to traverse this gap in the literature. 1.7 Scope of the study This research study aims to describe the experiences of women and men in course of conflict displacement. It seeks to identify the possible link between changes in survival strategies and gender roles, given that the nature of the subject under investigation is highly sensitive, deeply personal and politically risky. The significance of this study is also highlighted by the fact that it incorporates gender analysis in social and cultural setting and employs gender as an analytical tool in order to comprehend the wider social relations. Gender as a unit of analysis would help to view the lives of women and men within the context of displacement. It illustrates that how women experience displacement (Kaapanda Fenn, 2006). 1.8 Limitations of the study The study was carried out only in one district, due to time, human resource, and financial constraints. The findings may be non-representative and only illustrative of the target segments of the study areas visited and therefore cannot be generalized for the entire district or province. It was often problematic to identify internally displaced persons because there were no officially recognized IDP camps in the study area, while the displaced persons were scattered into makeshift camps. When this study was conducted, it was harvesting season in most parts of the district and IDPs were mobile due to their engagement in agricultural labor. Their access was difficult due to their continuous mobility, sensitive nature of the issue, tribal system, socio-cultural norms, governments security restrictions and emerging hostilities towards alien others stemming from changes in the political climate in recent years. On the other hand, socially depressed IDPs were reluctant to talk to outsiders due to apprehension of the torture either from tribal head or governments security agencies. Furthermore, there were many surveys carried out but nothing has been changed in their life realities; gaining their trust was critical in such a situation. It was also challenging to have direct access to women and collect information from them due to rigid socio-cultural norms and customs. In order to tackle this problem the researcher got the help of his younger sister to have access to women. 1.9 Roadmap This research study is organized into six chapters. Chapter one presents an introduction to this study. Chapter two provides a synthesis of the relevant literature. Chapter three describes research design and methods. Chapter four sketches the historic roots of crisis in Balochistan. Chapter five unfolds results of this study and presents a debate over the findings. Chapter six summarizes the whole discussion and concludes with recommendations for further research.