Analysis Of Beth Johnson s Bombs Bursting Into Air

Background Born in 1956, Beth Johnson is a mother of three and the author of multiple dominant pieces such as Facing Addiction (2006) and Surviving Abuse (2006). She lives in Lederach, Pennsylvania and her occupations include writing, freelance editor, and college professor. Johnson graduated from Goshen College and Syracuse University. Her writing mainly focuses on encouraging readers to accomplish their personal goals as well as college texts such as Everyday Heroes (1996). Summary â€Å"Bombs bursting in air. They can blind us, like fireworks at the moment of explosion. If we close our eyes and turn away, all we see is the fiery image. But if we have the courage to keep our eyes open and welcoming, even bombs finally fade against the vastness of the starry sky â€Å"(15). â€Å"Bombs Bursting in Air† begins with the narrator talking about her son’s game and her daughter acting silly while singing the national anthem. More specifically, the line â€Å"Bombs bursting in air.† The author gives the word â€Å"bombs† a whole new definition in this essay. Rather than meaning an explosive weapon often used in war, Johnson refers to the difficult obstacles people face everyday. The more one risks a person takes results in more of life’s destructible bombs. These obstacles explode unexpectedly, and that is exactly what happened to Shannon. Shannon is five years old and is the author’s daughter’s best friend. Doctors f ound a brain tumor when she went to get an x-ray for a sledding accident. After

Education system exists mainly Free Essays

Using material from item A and elsewhere, asses the view that the education system exists mainly to select and prepare young people for their future work roles BY ant-Kuz Using material from item A and elsewhere, asses the view that the education system exists mainly to select and prepare young people for their future work roles One way to select and prepare young people for their future work roles is by selecting and allocating pupils of education a role in society, as is mentioned in item A: â€Å"it also selects and allocates them to their future work roles† which means social nequality is legitimised because of the hierarchy of society – someone has to be on top and someone has to be bottom, as is streaming encouraged in the same manner. This idea is said to be stemmed from having a meritocratic society where everyone has an equality of opportunity presented to them in education and then later on, the workplace. This is how education serves its purpose to select you ng people for their future work roles. We will write a custom essay sample on Education system exists mainly or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another way that young people are prepared and selected for their future work roles is by education giving them the â€Å"specialised knowledge and kills they will need when they Join the workforce†, as mentioned in item A. This is done by providing a trained and qualified workforce in education by the introduction of vocational courses like modern apprenticeships which combine training and part- time attendance at college, meaning that they learn on a Job as well as learning in an education environment. New Right are the sociologists which focused a lot on marketization of education which focused on encouraging competition between schools so that education would improve, providing a better work force for society and in turn, better preparing young people for their future work roles. However, one of the key functions of education is social solidarity which means individual members of society must feel like they are part of a single community of people; Durkheim argues that without it social life and cooperation would not be possible as everyone would want to achieve their own selfish desires. He argues that this is taught when we learn about History and Citizenship, which give us the idea of a shared community; also it does this by passing on society’s culture and continues the value consensus, which is an agreement among society members on what values are important. School acts as a ‘society in miniature’ as it prepares its pupils for life in a wider society, which requires social solidarity, as we have to cooperate with people who aren’t family or friends, Just like in the workplace. We have to act accordingly to a set of impersonal rules that apply to all. In item A, it is mentioned that â€Å"the family cannot equip individuals with everything they need to become fully functioning members of a large-scale society’ and as family is only the start of social solidarity, the feeling of belonging in a family group, education is needed to push that in a ider scale (as a typical nuclear family will not be bigger than 6 or so people). This is one key tunction ot education, and it exists to encourage social solidarity as well as other factors. Marxists would argue that education has different roles in society; Althusser said that there are two ways in which the bourgeoisie keep their power, one of which is the ideological state apparatus. ISAs are the way that the bourgeoisie control people’s ideas, values and beliefs, and include religion, mass media and the education system. He argues that the education system is an important ISA because t reproduces class inequality by passing it on generation to generation, therefore failing to overthrow the bourgeoisie consistently. Another reason why it’s important is that it legitimises class inequality by producing ideologies that cover the true effect by making workers accept that inequality is inevitable and that they earned their place in society, therefore if they accept these ideas, they are less likely to challenge capitalism and how it’s run. This is one way that Marxists argue that young pupils get allocated roles for their future work roles, and education is there for them to accept heir role and not argue against it. Another Marxist view on education is the myth of meritocracy which is the legitimation of class inequality, which is what a capitalist society is based on so there is always a risk that those at the bottom will feel their inequality is undeserved and unfair and therefore will rebel against it. Bowles and Gintis argue that education is the reason that this does not happen, as it legitimising class inequality by producing ideologies that Justify why this inequality is fair and inevitable. Bowles and Gintis describe education ‘as a giant myth-making machine’ ike the myth of meritocracy, which means that it is untrue that everyone has an equal opportunity to achieve, that rewards are based on effort and so on. A reason for achieving high income is argued to be determined more from your family and class background rather than ability or educational achievement. This serves the higher classes as it makes it appear that they gained their roles in the workforce by an equal opportunity but in reality, that is not the case, they use this to trick working class pupils to accept inequality. This means that the education system exists not nly to allocate and train young people for their future work roles but also to accept the roles they are given and for the bourgeoisie to keep their power. In conclusion, the education system exists to provide all kinds of functions to society, as well as allocation roles for young people that they will continue to have in the workforce; they are also trained for that role so they have the skills necessary to do the Job. Also, according to Marxists, education also introduces certain values and beliefs into young peoples’ minds so that they accept the inequality that happens in a capitalist society as an everyday inevitability. How to cite Education system exists mainly, Papers

Promoting Health in Extened Care for Health Issues- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePromoting Health in Extened Care for Health Issues. Answer: Ageing being an irreversible and a gradual process of development, requires specialized nursing care. Ageing is associated with physiological, psychological, physical and mental health issues and should be put into consideration. This essay will discuss the major health issues highlighted in the case study of Amalie. Amalie is a female client with an age of 89 years. She is a German but she stays in Australia where she was married by a sailor who died two years ago due to lung cancer. In the past two years, Amalies health status has been worsening gradually forcing her to withdraw from all kind of the activities she had engaged herself in including losing contact with the community. Recently, Amalie developed dry macular degeneration and problems with mobility due to rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. She has a positive medical history of hypothyroidism, macular degeneration and arthritis. The three priorities of nursing care to be discussed are risk of falls, pain management and activities of daily living (ADL). The Millers Functional Consequences model and Levette-Jones Clinical Reasoning cycle will be used in identification, assessment, implementation and evaluation of nursing care. Body The first priority of nursing care is activities of daily living. From the scenario, Amalie is not able to conduct the various activities of daily living due to her health deterioration. She developed rheumatoid and osteoarthritis which made her develop mobility issues. Additionally, according to the referral letter from her GP, Amalie is stated to have joint stiffness, limited movement of joints, painful joints, swollen feet and joints and occasional dizziness. Due to dry macular degeneration, she is reported to have vision deficits which also contributed to her limited movements from her house. Additionally, Amalie is reported to have isolation behaviors, inadequate feeding and weight loss. Generally, these are some of the factors which largely contributed to reduced ability to carry out daily activities of living (Clement, Ploennigs Kabitzsch, 2012). Activities of Daily Living refers to basic form of activities that are performed by people every day important for independent life in the community and at home. ADLs can be categorized into five which include dressing, eating, continence maintenance and personal hygiene which involves grooming, bathing and oral care (Clement, Ploennigs Kabitzsch, 2012). Transferring oneself from one point to another is also an ADL. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) refers to the actions that enable an individual have an independent life. They are important to the health care professionals as they guide on the level and kind of assistance needed by the patient (Capezuti, Boltz, Cline, Dickson, Rosenberg, Wagner Nigolian, 2012). The IDLS include basic skills of communication, transportation which involves driving, preparation of meals, shopping and medication. Management of medications without missing doses and housework are also other useful IADLs. Geriatric assessment is a multidisciplinary and multidimensional and it is sued in evaluation of the functioning ability, cognitive functioning, physical health, socio-economic situations and mental health of an old patient (Clement, Ploennigs Kabitzsch, 2012). The multidisciplinary team involved should conduct a complete assessment to detect potential issues such as falls, confusions, incontinence and immobility. The multidisciplinary team should adopt a structured approach of conducting the assessment to obtain all the information required to make a proper diagnosis, implement and evaluate care. The assessment should incorporate people like nutritionists, physicians, nurses, social workers and occupational therapists (Ward Reuben, 2016). Physical assessment should be systematic to capture the musculoskeletal which should include reduced range of movement, pain and swelling of legs, osteoarthritis and gait disturbances. When assessing the eyes, they should ask about loss of central vison which is associated with age-related macular degeneration. On general assessment, they should ask on depression, isolation and unintentional loss of weight which impact on ones ability to carry out daily activities (Karlsson, Magnusson, Schewelov Rosengren, 2013) The second priority in Amalies scenario is risk of falls. Amalie is age-89 years with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis which pose a great risk of falls to her. She has a positive medical history of arthritis which can lead to falls risk. Based on the scenario she has vision deficits, joint stiffness, painful joints, dizziness and swollen and painful joints which could lead to falls (Karlsson, Magnusson, Schewelov Rosengren, 2013) Falls are regarded as a marker of immobility, frailty, chronic and acute impairment of health in the elderly. Falls diminish ones level of functioning causing fear of falling, activity limitations, injury and mobility loss. Most injuries such as fractures of forearm, pelvis, humerus or hips among old people result from falls (Gillespie, Robertson, Gillespie, Sherrington, Gates, Clemson Lamb, 2012). The risk factors of falls include demographics such as age more than 75 years, status of household, living alone and history of previous falls (Hunter, 2016). Acute and chronic illnesses, physical deficits, medical prescriptions, cognitive impairment, foot and vision problems. Environmental hazards such as poor lighting and stairs can also lead to falls to the elderly. Medications that are associated with high risk of falls include corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ant-depressants and ant-hypertensives (Huang, Mallet, Rochefort, Eguale, Buckeridge Tamblyn, 2012). When performing a physical assessment on Amalie, the nurses should ask about deformities or problems of joints such as inflammation, visual problems, illnesses, gait disturbance, nutrition and weigh loss (Ward Reuben, 2016). Other things they should ask about are lighting conditions of the home compound and stairs at her home that might lead to her falls. Appropriate measures such as physiotherapy, education on impacts of medications regarding falls and other factors which can lead to falls, proper lighting at home and avoidance of stairs at her home. Medical management is also useful for the illnesses which cause risk of falls. Prevention of falls should be multidisciplinary and multidimensional for positive patent outcome (Carolan Jorgensen, 2013). The third priority is pain management. Amalie is aged 89 years and she has swollen and painful joints especially the hip, knee, back and fingers as stated in the referral letter from her GP in the case scenario. From the scenario, Amalie has rheumatoid and osteoarthritis and a positive medical history of arthritis which have largely contributed to her mobility issues making her unable to move out of her house. Due to these mobility problems, Amalie consequently lost physical contact with the community, friends and members of the association she was in. Osteoarthritis is a bone disorder associated with continuous wearing and tearing of specific body joints while rheumatoid is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of joints (Hunter, 2016). This priority will include the last four steps of the Clinical Reasoning Cycle which include: goal setting, taking action, evaluation of care and a reflection of the entire scenario. The fifth step on setting goals, the main goals of pain management in Amalies scenario is that she should report reduced pain after nursing intervention, she should demonstrate restored emotional, physical and social function after implementation of nursing care interventions and improved adherence to prescribed medications which she seems to skip when she is on intense pain (Levett-Jones, 2013). Pain is among the commonest complaints among old people due to increased chronic diseases and frailty which are associated with increased pain (Hunter, 2016). According to Millers Functional Consequences Model, old people are likely to develop joint and bone disorders, arthritis and other chronic illnesses that are associated with pain (Horgas, Yoon Grall, 2012). If the pain remains untreated, it can lead to negative consequences such as reduced quality of life and health leading to anxiety, depression, social isolation, sleep disturbances, immobility and cognitive impairment (Horgas, 2017). Based on Amalies scenario, it is evident that she has poor quality of life associated with continued isolation behaviors, inability to leave the house due to problems of mobility which are caused by rheumatoid and osteoarthritis bone and joint disorders (Carolan Jorgensen, 2013). On the sixth step-taking action- (Levett-Jones, 2013). The best action is provision of analgesics such as paracetamol for relieving pain and anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen which relieves fever, pain and inflammation since she has swollen joints. The second action is the non-pharmacological approach of managing pain (Horgas, 2017). This approach should involve educating the patient on nature of pain, instruments used in pain assessment, use of medications, involvement in group programs and strategies of coping with pain to enhance pain tolerance and sooth the pain. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can also be used to promote coping mechanisms (Horgas, 2017). Some of the risk factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis include female gender, age 60 years and above and a medical history of arthritis. Based on these risk factors, it was possible for Amalie to develop rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Both rheumatoid and osteoarthritis are associated with joint pain especially the fingers, hips, knee, hands and elbow. At the onset, rheumatoid is associated with fever, weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue which indicate development of the disease (Singh, Saag, Bridges, Akl, Bannuru, Sullivan Curtis, 2016). Some other symptoms of rheumatoid include joint stiffness, multiple joint swelling and general malaise (Carolan Jorgensen, 2013). The seventh step of the Clinical Reasoning Cycle about evaluation of care should states the outcome of the nursing care. Amalies pain should be reduced and she should be adhering to medications properly. She should also be physically, emotionally and socially active without having to isolate herself from others. Nurses should adequately assess pain in Amalie based on onset, location, frequency, duration, causative factors, aggravating factors, relieving factors of pain and any medications that she has used for pain management. For instance, from the scenario, the referral letter from Amalies GP states that she is on slow release paracetamol and ibuprofen which are important in relieving pain, inflammation and fever (Horgas, Yoon Grall, 2012). As a reflection of the entire scenario, it is my clear understanding that pain, risk of falls and ADLs can largely impact on the general functioning of the elderly. I now understand that patient-centered and holistic care approaches are very useful in the care of the elderly. The clinical Reasoning Model is very critical in nursing care for prioritization of patient needs. Conclusion This essay was meant to purposely analyze the scenario of Amalie and plan for care based on Millers Functional Consequences theory and Levette-Jones Model of Clinical Reasoning. Based on these two models, it was realized that nurses need to be knowledgeable and critically think in order to implement appropriate care. Ageing is an irreversible developmental process that impacts on the functioning of most of the body systems including the musculoskeletal. Ageing is a risk factor to various health conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis and depression especially in a female gender. Nursing priorities such as pain management, risk of falls and Activities of Daily Living were fully addressed in this essay. Both multidimensional and multidisciplinary approaches were discussed on management of these priorities of care. Levette-Jones model of clinical reasoning was used to provide guidance on identification of patients priorities of care, setting of goals, planning of care, implementation of interventions and evaluation of the outcome of nursing care. Based on this, I believe that important information regarding Amalie was discussed in the essay. References Capezuti, E., Boltz, M., Cline, D., Dickson, V. V., Rosenberg, M. C., Wagner, L., ... Nigolian, C. (2012). Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Eldersa model for optimising the geriatric nursing practice environment.Journal of Clinical Nursing,21(21-22), 3117-3125. Carolan, D., Jorgensen, J. (2013). Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice.NICHE Planning and Implementation Guide. New York: NYU, 3. Clement, J., Ploennigs, J., Kabitzsch, K. (2012). Smart meter: Detect and individualize ADLs. InAmbient Assisted Living(pp. 107-122). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Gillespie, L. D., Robertson, M. C., Gillespie, W. J., Sherrington, C., Gates, S., Clemson, L. M., Lamb, S. E. (2012). Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,9(11). Horgas, A. L. (2017). Pain Management in Older Adults.Nursing Clinics,52(4), e1-e7. Horgas, A. L., Yoon, S. L., Grall, M. (2012). Pain management.Evidence-Based Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice, 4th ed. New York, USA: Springer Publishing Company, 246-67. Huang, A. R., Mallet, L., Rochefort, C. M., Eguale, T., Buckeridge, D. L., Tamblyn, R. (2012). Medication-related falls in the elderly.Drugs aging,29(5), 359-376. Hunter, S. (Ed). (2016). Millers nursing for wellness in older adults (2 nd Australia and New Zealand ed.) North Ryde, NSW: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Karlsson, M. K., Magnusson, H., von Schewelov, T., Rosengren, B. E. (2013). Prevention of falls in the elderlya review.Osteoporosis international,24(3), 747-762. Levett-Jones, T. (Ed.). (2013). Clinical reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson. Singh, J. A., Saag, K. G., Bridges, S. L., Akl, E. A., Bannuru, R. R., Sullivan, M. C., ... Curtis, J. R. (2016). 2015 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis rheumatology,68(1), 1-26. Ward, K., Reuben, D. (2016). Comprehensive geriatric assessment.UpToDate2013. https://www. uptodate. Com/contents/comprehensive-geriatric-assessment.